Sistem Religi Suku Nuaulu di Pulau Seram Maluku Tengah
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Abstract
Nuaulu is one tribe in Seram island are still adhered to their ancestral religious system until now. This study aims to explain the tribe’s religious system. By using qualitative methods, the study collected its data through library research and interviews with informants were determined purposively. The data has been collected and analyzed by reducing the data, presenting data, and draw conclusions. The study concludes, Nuaulu tribes still preserve their religious system, because it is their ethnic identity, if the religious system was missing, faded well as their ethnic identity. Nuaulu tribal religious system, contains a system of beliefs, rules of life and system of rites. The belief system Nuaulu tribe looked on their belief in the existence of supernatural powers that rule them out of the universe. The power was called by several different names, like Upuku Anahatana, Anahatana, Upu Anahatana, Upu Kuanahatan, Upu Ama, Upu Lanite, although there are differences in the denominator, what they mean by that name is God Almighty. There are five rites performed by the tribe Nuaulu, the rite of pregnancy, birth to adulthood, marriage, and death. In the belief of tribal rites Nuaulu pregnancy is necessary to save the mother and baby from evil spirits disorders. Rite birth do so the baby was born safely and keep them from evil spirits disorders. Pinomou rite performed to purify girls, rites pataheri made to deliver the boy to adulthood so that it is responsible, marriage rite was done to keep offspring, and death rites performed to deliver the spirit towards Upuku Anahatana.
Nuaulu merupakan salah suku di Pulau Seram yang masih menganut sistem religi warisan leluhur mereka hingga sekarang. Studi ini bertujuan menjelaskan sistem religi suku tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, studi ini mengumpulkan data-datanya melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan yang ditentukan secara purposive. Data yang sudah dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Studi ini menyimpulkan, suku Nuaulu masih tetap melestarikan sistem religi mereka, karena ia merupakan identitas diri suku mereka, jika sistem religi itu hilang, pudar pula identitas diri suku mereka. Sistem religi suku Nuaulu, berisi sistem keyakinan, aturan-aturan hidup dan sistem ritus. Sistem keyakinan suku Nuaulu tampak pada kepercayaan mereka akan adanya kekuatan supranatural yang menguasai mereka di luar alam semesta. Kekuatan itu disebut dengan beberapa nama yang berbeda-beda, seperti Upuku Anahatana, Anahatana, Upu Anahatana, Upu Kuanahatan, Upu Ama, Upu Lanite, meskipun terdapat perbedaan penyebutan, yang mereka maksud dengan sebutan itu adalah Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa. Ada lima ritus yang dilakukan oleh suku Nuaulu, yakni ritus kehamilan, kelahiran, menuju dewasa, perkawinan, dan kematian. Dalam kepercayaan suku Nuaulu ritus kehamilan perlu dilakukan untuk menyelamatkan sang ibu dan bayi dari gangguan roh-roh jahat. Ritus kelahiran dilakukan agar bayi lahir dengan selamat dan menghindarkannya dari gangguan roh-roh jahat. Ritus pinomou dilakukan untuk menyucikan anak perempuan, ritus pataheri dilakukan untuk mengantarkan anak laki-laki menuju dewasa agar ia bertanggung jawab, ritus perkawinan dilakukan untuk menjaga keturunan, dan ritus kematian dilakukan untuk mengantarkan roh menuju Upuku Anahatana.
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