ISU KEAMANAN DI SEMENANJUNG KOREA DAN UPAYA DAMAI PARLEMEN
Simela Victor Muhamad
| Abstract views: 591
| 
views: 3704
Abstract
Semenanjung Korea adalah kawasan strategis di Asia Timur yang masih menghadapi persoalan keamanan, akibat isu nuklir Korea Utara yang menimbulkan kecemasan negara-negara di sekitarnya. Ketegangan juga kerap terjadi di kawasan ini akibat aksi manuver militer dari masing-masing negara yang saling ‘berlawanan’ satu sama lain. Ketegangan di Semenanjung Korea menimbulkan keprihatinan internasional, karena berimplikasi luas terhadap stabilitas kawasan. Situasi keamanan di Semenanjung Korea yang tidak stabil berpotensi menimbulkan konflik terbuka, jika tidak ada upaya damai untuk mengatasinya. Parlemen, sebagai bagian dari masyarakat internasional, dan dalam kerangka diplomasi multi-jalur, seharusnya dapat mengambil peran dalam mendukung upaya damai di kawasan tersebut melalui diplomasi parlemen. Melalui studi kepustakaan, esai ini membahas upaya damai parlemen atas masalah keamanan di Semenanjung Korea, terutama dalam kerangka pelaksanaan diplomasi parlemen APPF, baik yang dilakukan secara kelembagaan maupun individual anggota parlemen.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Buku/Jurnal
BKSAP, Diplomasi DPR: Dari Senayan ke Kancah Global, BKSAP-DPR RI, 2009.
Diamond, Louise, Multi-Track Diplomacy: A System Approach to Peace, Bloomfield, USA: Kumarin Press, Inc., 2002.
Djelantik, Sukawarsini, Diplomasi antara Teori dan Praktik, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2008.
Cha, Victor D., “Korean Unification: The Zero- Sum Past and the Precarious Future”, Asian Perspective, Vol. 21, No. 3, 1997.
Cumings, Bruce, The Korean War: A History, Modern Library Paperback Edition, 2011.
Heine, Jorge, “From Club to Network Diplomacy”, dalam Andrew F. Cooper, Jorge Heine, and Ramesh Thakur, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, hal. 54-69.
Il-su, Kim, “Kim Jong-il and Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula”, dalam Tae- Hwan Kwak and Seung-Ho Joo (eds), North Korea’s Foreign Policy Under Kim Jong-il, Ashgate Publishing Company, 2009.
Lynn, Hyung Gu, Bipolar Orders: The Two Koreas Since 1989, Canada: Fernwood Publishing, 2007.
Oberdorfer, Don and Robert Carlin, The Two Koreas, New York: Publisher Basic Books, 2014.
Roberston, Jeffrey, “North Korean Nuclear Issue and the Role of Parliamentary Diplomacy”, Research Note No. 23, Australia: Parliamentary Library, 2007.
Spegel, Steven L., World Politics in A New Era, Oxford University Press, 2012.
Walter C., Jr, Clement, Jr., “North Korea’s Quest for Nuclear Weapons: New Historical Evidence”, Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, Januari-April 2010.
Weisglas, Frans W. and Gonnie de Boer, “Parliamentary Diplomacy”, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 2, 2007.
Koran/Surat Kabar
“Korea Utara Umumkan Sukses Uji Coba Bom Hidrogen”, Kompas, 6 Januari 2016. “Korut Produksi Nuklir Mini”, Kompas, 10 Maret 2016.
“North Korea’s nuclear test strongly opposed: China”, The Jakarta Post, 7 Januari 2016.
“North Korea says nuclear test shows it could ‘wipe out’ US”, The Jakarta Post, 14 Januari, 2016.
“UN sanctions North Koreans for missile, nuclear programs”, The Jakarta Post, 3 Maret 2016.
“North Korea again threatens nuke strikes on US, South Korea”, The Jakarta post, 7 Maret 2016.
Park Hyung-sik, “Parliamentary diplomacy and Korean Peninsula stabilities”, The Jakarta Post, 16 Januari 2015.
“S Korea to resume propaganda war with North after mine blasts”, The Jakarta Post, 10 Agustus 2015.
“S. Korea shells North after rocket attack”, The Jakarta Post, 20 Agustus 2015.
“Tension flare again between two Koreas”, The Jakarta Post, 11 Agustus 2015.
Portal
Andres Malamud and Stelios Stavridis, “Parliaments and Parliamentarians as International Actors”, Ashgate Publishing Ltd., www.apps.evi.eu/Personal/ Researchers/malamud/Ashgate-Malamud- Stavridis.pdf - diakses 26 Februari 2016.
“ASEAN parliamentarians tackle broad agenda”, http://vietnamnews.vn/ print/203922/asean-parliamentarianstackle- broad-agenda.htm - diakses 18 Januari 2016.
“Asia Pacific Parliamentary Forum: Annual Meetings”, www.appf.org.pe/ - diakses 18 Januari 2016.
“Assembly Speaker considers inter-Korean parliamentary talks”, The Korea Herald, 12 Juli 2015, http://www.koreaherald.com/ view.php?ud=20150712000155 – diakses 20 Januari 2016.
“Diplomacy, cooperative security and disarmament”, Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament (PNND), 10 Januari 2016, www.pnnd.org/ article/diplomacy-cooperative-securityand- disarmament - diakes 18 Januari 2016.
Do Je-hae, “National Assembly eyes peacemaking role”, The Korea Times, 1 November 2015, www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/ nation/2015/11/116 - diakses 20 Januari 2016.
“IPU Assembly Resolutions”, www.ipu.org/ strct-e/stcnfres.htm/#132 – diakses 18 Januari 2016.
“Kim Jong-un orders North Korean frontline troops onto war footing”, The Telegraph, 21 Agustus 2015, www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/ - diakses 7 Januari 2016.
“Mengenal Bom Hidrogen Korut, Kekuatan 25 Ribu Kali Bom Hiroshima”, Sindonews. com, 6 Januari 2016, http://international. sindonews . c om/read/1074877/45/ mengenal-bom-hidrogen-korut-kekuatan- 25-ribu-kali-bom-hiroshima-1452074062 - diakses 8 Januari 2016.
Michael Breen, “Inter-Korean summit and years of Sunshine policy”, The Korea Times, 20 Juni 2010, http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/ www/news/nation/2010/06/116_67970. html - diakses 20 Januari 2016.
“North Korea fire missile over Japan”, The Guardian, 1 September 1998, www. theguardian.com/world/1998/sep/01/ northkorea - diakses 6 Januari 2016.
“North Korea says it has a program on nuclear arms”, The New York Times, 17 Oktober 2002, www.nytimes.com/2002/10/17/ world/ - diakses 6 Januari 2016.
“North Koreans Launch Rocket Over the Pacific”, The New York Times, 4 April 2009, www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/world - diakses 7 Januari 2016.
“North Korean torpedo sank Cheonan, South Korea military source claims”, The Guardian, 22 April 2010, http://www. theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/22/ north-korea-cheonan-sinking-torpedo - diakses 20 Januari 2016.
“North Korea rocket launch raises nuclear stakes”, Reuters, 12 Desember 2012, www. reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-rocket/ - diakses 7 Januari 2016.
“North Korea fires three short-range missiles into eastern waters”, The Guardian, 18 Mei 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/ may/18/north-korea-fires-scud-missile - diakses 7 Januari 2016.
“Parliamentarians and the North Korean nuclear test”, Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament (PNND), 10 Januari 2016, www.pnnd. org/article/parliamentarians-and-northkorean- nuclear-test - diakes 18 Januari 2016.
“The Six Party Talks on North Korea’s Nuclear”, Council on Foreign Relations, 30 September 2013, www.cfr.org/proliferation/six-partytalks- north-koreas-nuclear-program/ - diakses 7 Januari 2016.
“Toshihiro Nikai a man to watch: Influential LDP politician has inside track with S. Korea”, The Asahi Shimbun, 14 Februari 2015, http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behindthe- news-politics/ - diakses 18 Januari 2016.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
