Proses Politik dalam Penyebaran Gagasan Transparansi Industri Ekstraktif di Indonesia
Regina Anjani Karissaputri
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Abstract
Transparansi, saat ini, dipercaya dan berkembang sebagai suatu best practice untuk mencapai tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik (good governance). Termasuk transparansi bagi industri ekstraktif, khususnya minyak, gas, dan tambang yang diterima sebagai solusi paling efektif untuk ‘menyelamatkan’ negara-negara berkembang dari buruknya tata kelola mereka (resource curse). Meskipun begitu, diterimanya transparansi industri ekstraktif sebagai solusi menjalankan pemerintahan yang baik tidak terjadi begitu saja. Terciptanya pandangan umum bahwa transparansi industri ekstraktif merupakan prasyarat pemerintahan yang baik telah melalui proses politik yang dapat ditelusuri. Tulisan ini mencoba melihat dari sudut pandang kritis penyebaran gagasan transparansi industri ekstraktif hingga adopsi dan implementasinya di Indonesia. Penulis menggunakan perspektif Gramscian untuk melihat proses politik berupa hegemoni intelektual dalam penyebaran gagasan transparansi industri ekstraktif. Penulis memfokuskan analisis pada lima fitur hegemoni intelektual Robert Cox, kemudian melihat proses pembentukan blok historis serta penyebaran gagasan oleh blok historis. Tulisan ini akan memperlihatkan proses perkembangan gagasan transparansi industri ekstraktif serta peran berbagai aktor didalamnya hingga mencapai adopsi dan implementasi di Indonesia.
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