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Food and drug are important components of the National Health System. The use of food and drug need to consider some aspects of safety, quality, efficacy/benefit, and nutrition. The drug cost aspect should be taken into consideration as well because the drug contributes to a high spending of national health expenditure. Food and drug are closely monitored through pre-market and post-market control. However, there are still many cases related to the supply chain and the use of illegal food and drug, such as an illegal vaccine case in 2003 that was successfully revealed in 2016. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen pre-market and post-market control. Qualitative method is used. Data were collected through interviews and literature review on the drafting of the Bill on Drug and Food Control and the Indonesian use of Traditional Medicine Indonesian in Expert of the DPR RI in 2017. The result showed that one of the efforts to strengthen food and drug control is through institutional strengthening. Such as establishment of Drug and Food Investigator of Control Agencies at district/city level and increased capacity of food and drug supervisors and Civil Servant Drug and Food Investigator of Control Agencies.

Obat dan makanan merupakan komponen penting dalam Sistem Kesehatan Nasional. Penggunaan obat dan makanan perlu mempertimbangkan aspek keamanan, mutu, khasiat/manfaat, dan gizi. Aspek biaya juga perlu menjadi pertimbangan, dikarenakan obat menyumbang tingginya pengeluaran belanja kesehatan suatu negara. Peredaran obat dan makanan harus diawasi secara ketat melalui upaya pengawasan pre-market dan post-market. Namun demikian, masih banyak ditemukan kasus terkait peredaran dan penggunaan obat dan makanan ilegal seperti kasus vaksin palsu yang sudah berlangsung sejak tahun 2003 dan berhasil diungkap pada tahun 2016. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya penguatan pengawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan dalam kegiatan penyusunan naskah akademik dan draft RUU Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan serta Pemanfaatan Obat Asli Indonesia yang dilakukan di Pusat Perancangan Undang-Undang Badan Keahlian DPR RI tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya penguatan pengawasan obat dan makanan dapat dilakukan melalui penguatan kelembagaan yaitu pembentukan Unit Pelaksana Teknis Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (UPT BPOM) sampai ke tingkat kabupaten/kota dan peningkatan kapasitas tenaga pengawas obat dan makanan serta Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (PPNS BPOM).