Potensi, Peran Pemerintah, dan Tantangan dalam Pengembangan E-Commerce di Indonesia [Potency, Government Role, and Challenges of E-Commerce Development in Indonesia]
Rais Agil Bahtiar
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Abstract
E-commerce is one of the rising stars from the rapid internet development and becomes global trends for the past ten years. In Indonesia, the number of online shopping site usage and also online transactions tends to increase although infrastructure and regulation are still left behind. These conditions are an opportunity and need a comprehensive policy to leverage how to develop and multiple the benefit from digitalization activity. This paper aims to analyze (a) the potential of e-commerce application for supporting economic growth, (b) the role of government in driving the growth of e-commerce activities, and (c) the challenges to maximize e-commerce activities in the national economy. This paper used a qualitative approach with a literature review method. The finding showed that e-commerce can improve economic growth because it stimulates saving transaction costs, eliminates space and time restrictions, reduces shipping costs, minimizes transportation barriers, facilitates communication between sellers and buyers, and reduces advertising and transportation costs. The government has a pivotal role to implement six strategies for encouraging digital economics, namely knowledge development, knowledge dissemination, subsidies, mobilization, the direction of innovation, and standard-setting. To develop e-commerce activities, there are main challenges that should be copped, which are security and consumer protection, logistics and infrastructure, and taxation related to e-commerce transactions.
Keywords: internet, e-commerce, digital economy
Abstrak
E-commerce merupakan salah satu bentuk kemajuan yang muncul dari pesatnya perkembangan internet dan menjadi tren di dunia selama sepuluh tahun terakhir. Di Indonesia, angka penggunaan situs belanja online dan transaksi toko online cenderung meningkat meskipun infrastruktur dan regulasinya masih tertinggal. Hal ini merupakan peluang besar dan membutuhkan kebijakan yang komprehensif guna dapat mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan aktivitas digitalisasi ekonomi secara optimal. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis (a) potensi dari penerapan e-commerce terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, (b) peran pemerintah dalam mendorong pertumbuhan aktivitas e-commerce, dan (c) tantangan yang perlu diatasi agar mampu memaksimalkan potensi dari aktivitas e-commerce dalam ekonomi nasional. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode tinjauan literatur. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa praktik e-commerce mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi karena dapat menghemat biaya transaksi, menghilangkan batasan ruang dan waktu, mengurangi biaya pengiriman, meminimalkan hambatan transportasi, memudahkan komunikasi penjual dan pembeli, dan mengurangi biaya periklanan dan transportasi. Di sisi lain, pemerintah berperan penting untuk melaksanakan enam strategi agar mampu mendorong praktik ekonomi digital, yaitu pembangunan pengetahuan, penyebaran pengetahuan, subsidi, mobilisasi, pengarahan inovasi, dan penetapan standar. Sedangkan tantangan dalam rangka pengembangan aktivitas e-commerce adalah keamanan dan perlindungan konsumen, logistik dan infrastruktur, serta perpajakan terkait transaksi e-commerce.
Kata kunci: internet, e-commerce, ekonomi digital
Keywords
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