RCEP dari Perspektif Indonesia: Menguji Faktor Kedekatan Pembangunan Sebagai Strategi Peningkatan Ekspor

Edy Can, Fithra Faisal Hastiadi
| Abstract views: 0 | views: 0

Abstract

Indonesia and 15 other countries are negotiating the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) since 2013 until this
research has been written. This is a free trade agreement which considered different from what has been made before in the Asia
Pacific Region. This research examines development proximity factors as a strategy to increase Indonesia’s exports in the RCEP market through the Gravity Model. The estimation model used is Random Effect Generalized Least Squared and Prais-Winsten with Standard Corrected Errors Panels. The results of the estimated coefficient are then used to determine the trade growth space using the trade potential ratio. The results show GDP per capita, similarity levels of GDP per capita, geographical distance and investment affect Indonesian exports. Indonesia has potential export to seven of 14 countries in RCEP. The highest trade potential ratio values in the
RCEP market are New Zealand, Thailand, Australia, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Cambodia, and Malaysia. In the agricultural
sector, Indonesia has export potential with eight of the 14 RCEP members. The eight countries are Australia, Cambodia, Laos,
Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, and Thailand. Meanwhile, in the manufacturing sector, Indonesia has
export potential with six out of 14 countries. The six countries are Australia, Cambodia, New Zealand, Singapore, the Philippines, and
Thailand. This means that Indonesia has better room for export growth in the agricultural sector than in the manufacturing sector.

Keywords: export, RCEP, development proximity, gravitation theory

Abstrak
Indonesia dan 15 negara lainnya sedang bernegosiasi tentang Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) sejak tahun
2013 hingga penelitian ini ditulis. Ini adalah perjanjian perdagangan bebas yang dianggap berbeda dengan yang telah ada sebelum-sebelumnya di Kawasan Asia Pasifik. RCEP akan menghapus tarif dan hambatan nontarif semua perdagangan barang secara substansial serta menghapus secara substansial pembatasan dana atau tindakan diskriminatif sektor jasa. Penelitian ini menguji
faktor-faktor kedekatan pembangunan (development proximity) sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan ekspor di pasar RCEP dengan
Model Gravitasi. Model estimasi yang dipergunakan adalah Random Effect Generalized Least Squared dan Prais-Winsten dengan
Panels Standard Corrected Errors. Hasil dari estimasi koefisien kemudian dipakai untuk mengetahui ruang pertumbuhan perdagangan dengan menggunakan rasio potensi perdagangan. Hasil dari model estimasi menunjukkan PDB per kapita, tingkat kesamaan PDB per kapita, jarak geografis dan investasi berpengaruh terhadap ekspor Indonesia. Indonesia mempunyai ruang pertumbuhan ekspor di tujuh dari 14 negara di RCEP. Nilai rasio potensi perdagangan tertinggi di pasar RCEP adalah Selandia Baru, Thailand, Australia, Filipina, Korea Selatan, Kamboja, dan Malaysia. Di sektor pertanian, Indonesia mempunyai potensi ekspor dengan delapan dari 14 negara yang tergabung dalam RCEP. Delapan negara tersebut yakni Australia, Kamboja, Laos, Malaysia, Selandia Baru, Filipina, Korea Selatan, dan Thailand. Sementara di sektor manufaktur, Indonesia mempunyai potensi ekspor dengan enam dari 14 negara. Keenam negara tersebut yakni Australia, Kamboja, Selandia Baru, Singapura, Filipina, dan Thailand. Ini artinya Indonesia mempunyai ruang pertumbuhan ekspor yang lebih baik di sektor pertanian dibandingkan dengan sektor manufaktur.

Kata kunci: ekspor, RCEP, kedekatan pembangunan, teori gravitasi

Keywords

export; RCEP; development proximity; gravitation theory; ekspor; kedekatan pembangunan; teori gravitasi

Full Text:

PDF

References

Buku:

Blanchard, O., & Johnson, D. H. (2013). Macroeconomics. Essex: Pearson.

Boediono. (1989). Ekonomi internasional. Yogyakarta: BPFE-Yogyakarta.

Borkakoti, J. (1998). The Linder Hypothesis. In J. Borkakoti (ed.). International trade: Causes and consequences (pp. 366-367). London: Palgrave.

Damuri, Y.R. (2016). RCEP prospect and challenges: Political economy of East Asian integration. In S. Basu Das, & M. Kawai (eds.). Trade regionalism in the Asia-Pasific (pp. 105-121). Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.

Ekananda, M. (2015). Ekonomi internasional. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.

Helpman, E., & Krugman, P. R. (1985). Market structure and foreign trade. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Krugman, P.R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M.J. (2012). International economics: Theory and policy. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Jurnal dan Working Paper:

Baltagi, B.H., Egger, P., & Pfaffermayr, M. (2015). Panel data Gravity Models of international trade. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 4616.

Basu Das, S. (2015). The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership: New paradigm or old wine in a new bottle? Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 29(2), 68–84.

Batra, A. (2006). India’s global trade potential: The Gravity Model approach. Global Economic Review, 35(3), 327–361.

Chaisse, J., & Pomfret, R. (2019). The RCEP and the changing landscape of world trade: Assessing Asia-pacific investment regionalism next stage. Law and Development Review, 12(1), 159–190.

Cheong, I., & Tongzon, J. (2013). Comparing the economic impact of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. Asian Economic Papers, 12(2), 144–164.

Devadason, E. S. (2014). The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP): The Chinese perspective. Journal of Contemporary China, 23(87), 462–479.

Egger, P. (2002). An econometric view on the estimation of Gravity Models and the calculation of trade potentials. The World Economy, 25(2), 297–312.

Fukunaga, Y., & Isono, I. (2013). Taking ASEAN+1 FTAs towards the RCEP: A mapping study. ERIA Discussion Paper Series, ERIA-DP-2013-02, 1–31.

Gros, D., & Gonciarz, A. (1996). A note on the trade potential of Central and Eastern Europe. European Journal of Political Economy, 12(4), 709–721.

Gul, N., & Yasin, H.M. (2011). The trade potential of Pakistan: An application of the Gravity Model. The Lahore Journal of Economics 16(1), 23–62.

Helpman, E. (1984). A simple theory of international trade with multinational corporations. Journal of Political Economy, 92(3), 451-471.

Helpman, E. (2006). Trade, FDI, and the organization of firms. Journal of Economic Literature, 44(3), 589–630.

Hoechle, D. (2007). Robust standard errors for panel regressions with cross-sectional dependence. Stata Journal, 7(3), 281–312.

Itakura, K. (2014). Impact of liberalization and improved connectivity and facilitation in ASEAN. Journal of Asian Economics, 35, 2–11.

Kabir, M., Salim, R., & Al-Mawali, N. (2017). The Gravity Model and trade flows: Recent developments in econometric modeling and empirical evidence. Economic Analysis and Policy, 56, 60–71.

Kaur, S., & Nanda, P. (2011). An analysis of actual and potential exports of Pakistan with SAAEC countries: A panel data analysis. Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, 21, 69-91.

Kikuchi, T., Yanagida, K., & Vo, H. (2018). The effects of Mega-Regional Trade Agreements on Vietnam. Journal of Asian Economics, 55, 4–19.

Liu, X., Wang, C., & Wei, Y. (2001). Causal links between foreign direct investment and trade in China. China Economic Review, 12(2–3), 190–202.

Manan, S.A., David, M.K., Dumanig, F.P., & Naqeebullah, K. (2015). Politics, economics and identity: Mapping the linguistic landscape of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. International Journal of

Multilingualism, 12(1), 31–50.

Markusen, J. (2012). Per-capita income as a determinant of international trade and environmental policies. NBER Working Paper Series No. 19754.

Melitz, J. (2008). Language and foreign trade. European Economic Review, 52(4), 667–699.

Montanari, M. (2005). EU trade with the Balkans: Large room for growth?. Eastern European Economics, 43(1), 59–81.

Nguyen, T. D. (2018). Do trade agreements increase Vietnam’s exports to RCEP markets? Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 32(1), 94–107.

Ting, S. H. (2017). Language choices of CEOs of Chinese

family business in Sarawak, Malaysia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(4), 360–371.

Wang, C., Wei, Y., & Liu, X. (2010). Determinants of bilateral trade flows in OECD countries: Evidence from Gravity Panel Data Models. World Economy, 33(7), 894–915.

Warr, P. (n.d.). Trade Policy in Landlocked Countries. 15. http://files/411/Warr - Trade Policy in Landlocked Countries.pdf.

Sumber Digital:

Aprilianti, I. (2019). Will RCEP be beneficial for Indonesia?. Diperoleh 11 November 2020 dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

_Will_RCEP_be_beneficial_for_

Indonesia/link/5ed544d4299bf1c67d3250f8/

download.

Anukoonwattaka & Saggu. (2016). Trade performance of Asian landlocked developing economies: State of play and the way forward. Trade, Investment and Innovation Working Paper Series No. 01. UN ESCAP, Bangkok. Diperoleh 11 November 2019

dari https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/

files/Trade-performance-of-Asian-LLDCs.pdf.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.