Dampak Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Terhadap Kasus Waterborne Diseases: Studi Kasus Pamsimas
Bayu Mahendra Laksana S.P., Muhammad Hanri
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Abstract
The death rate for children under five in Indonesia in 2019 due to diarrheal disease reached around 5 percent. Lack of access to clean water is the biggest cause of death due to diarrhea and is generally in rural areas. Indeed, efforts are needed from the government and village communities to provide sustainable, safe drinking water in rural areas. This study examines the effect of sustainable community-based government programs on waterborne diseases (study case: PAMSIMAS). Using the Fixed Effect Panel and aggregating analysis from the village level to the district level, writers found that the empowerment program had a negative and significant impact on the number of cases of diseases related to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). The number of health facilities also significantly affected the number of cases. The ratio of the population of school age, education, maternal maturity age, economic level of the community, and the total population of an area has no significant effect on the specifications of this research model. The program’s impact is more beneficial for outside Java region than in Java. This difference occurs due to inequality in infrastructure, education levels and public understanding of the importance of WASH and early immunization between the two regions. This program also significantly impacts on areas with a population of children under five above the district average.
Abstrak
Angka kematian balita di Indonesia tahun 2019 akibat penyakit diare mencapai sekitar 5 persen. Kurangnya akses air bersih menjadi penyebab terbesar kematian akibat penyakir diare dan umumnya berada di wilayah perdesaan. Untuk itu, diperlukan usaha dari pemerintah dan masyarakat desa untuk dapat menyediakan air minum layak, sanitasi bersih, dan lingkungan yang sehat di perdesaan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh program pemerintah berbasis masyarakat yang berkelanjutan terhadap waterborne diseases dengan studi kasus Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (PAMSIMAS). Dengan menggunakan metode Panel Fixed Effect dan agregasi analisis dari level desa ke level kabupaten, ditemukan bahwa program PAMSIMAS mempunyai dampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap jumlah kasus penyakit yang berkaitan dengan air (water), sanitasi (sanitation), dan kebersihan (Hygiene) (WASH). ariabel jumlah sarana kesehatan turut memengaruhi jumlah kasus secara signifikan. Sedangkan variabel jumlah penduduk usia sekolah, tingkat pendidikan kepala keluarga, usia ibu, tingkat ekonomi, dan jumlah populasi suatu daerah tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam spesifikasi model penelitian ini. Dampak program ini lebih dirasakan manfaatnya di luar pulau Jawa dibandingkan dengan regional pulau Jawa. Hal ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan infrastruktur, tingkat pendidikan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya WASH dan imunisasi dini pada kedua regional tersebut. Program PAMSIMAS juga berdampak signifikan kepada daerah yang memiliki populasi balita di atas rata-rata kabupaten.
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