Faktor-Faktor Pendorong Pengangguran Usia Muda di Indonesia
Abstract
Unemployment is a problem experienced by all countries without exception. The availability of job opportunities is a common focus for countries in the world, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Unemployment in Indonesia is still dominated by young people (15-24 years old). This study analyzes the factors driving youth unemployment in Indonesia using panel data regression methods for the period of 2015-2021 in 34 provinces. The results found that the variables of youth education level, economic growth, TPAK, contribution of the agricultural sector and processing industry, and wage levels had a negative and significant effect on youth unemployment. The investment variable and the economic crisis dummy during the Covid-19 pandemic have a positive and significant effect on youth unemployment in Indonesia. This study recommends that the government should improve the education system to suit the needs of the working world and create graduates who are ready to work. The government is expected to realize equal distribution of educational opportunities. The government is also expected to encourage large companies entering Indonesia to collaborate with local companies and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The government is also expected to increase employment opportunities for young population, especially in provinces that have low TPAK.
Abstrak
Pengangguran merupakan masalah yang dialami oleh semua negara tanpa terkecuali. Tantangan ketersediaan lapangan pekerjaan menjadi fokus bersama negara-negara di dunia, terutama pada masa krisis pandemi Covid-19. Pengangguran di Indonesia masih didominasi penduduk usia muda (usia 15-24 tahun). Studi ini menganalisis faktor-faktor pendorong pengangguran usia muda di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode regresi data panel dalam kurun waktu tahun 2015-2021 di 34 provinsi. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa variabel tingkat pendidikan pemuda, pertumbuhan ekonomi, TPAK, konstribusi sektor pertanian dan industri pengolahan, serta tingkat upah berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran usia muda. Variabel investasi dan dummy krisis ekonomi pada pandemi Covid-19 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran usia muda di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil temuan ini, maka studi ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah diharapkan memperbaiki sistem pendidikan agar disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dunia kerja dan dapat menciptakan lulusan yang siap kerja. Pemerintah diharapkan untuk mewujudkan pemerataan kesempatan pendidikan terutama pada provinsi yang masih memiliki tingkat pendidikan pemuda rendah. Selain itu, pemerintah diharapkan untuk mendorong perusahaan besar yang masuk ke Indonesia untuk berkolaborasi dengan perusahaan lokal dan Usaha Menengah Mikro Kecil (UMKM) agar lebih fokus pada industri padat karya. Pemerintah juga diharapkan untuk meningkatkan lapangan pekerjaan bagi penduduk usia muda terutama pada provinsi yang memiliki TPAK rendah.
Keywords
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