DAMPAK KETERGANTUNGAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DESA TERHADAP LUASAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI INDONESIA
Itfan Itfan, Widyono Soetjipto
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Abstract
This study aims to find empirical evidence regarding the location of village areas around/within the forest as evidence of population dependence on forest areas in influencing mangrove forests in coastal regions of Indonesia. The motivation for this study is that Indonesia has experienced enormous mangrove deforestation in last three decades. According to empirical studies in Iran, India, Thailand, and Vietnam, livelihood dependence on forests has a negative impact on reducing mangrove forest ecosystems. There are no empirical studies at the village level in Indonesia due to limited data. The author tried to analyze unbalanced panel data by combining geospatial data and PODES. Using FEM to analyze the impact of the location of village areas within the forest area on mangrove forests, it found that villages whose areas are around the forest have a high dependence on natural resources and a negative correlation to the area of mangrove forests. This dependence is good for the economy of rural communities but have a bad impact on the environment. Alternative livelihoods are needed to reduce villagers’ dependence on mangrove forests. The Government of Indonesia needs to encourage mangrove rehabilitation to become an ecotourism center to increase the income of people around mangrove forests.
Keywords: dependence, socio-economic, mangrove, panel data
Abstrak
Studi ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bukti empiris mengenai lokasi wilayah desa di sekitar/dalam kawasan hutan sebagai bukti ketergantungan penduduk terhadap kawasan hutan dalam memengaruhi luasan hutan mangrove di wilayah pesisir Indonesia. Motivasi dari studi ini berasal dari fakta bahwa Indonesia mengalami deforestasi mangrove yang sangat besar dalam tiga dekade terakhir. Menurut studi empiris yang dilakukan di Iran, India, Thailand, dan Vietnam, secara umum ketergantungan mata pencaharian pada hutan memberikan dampak negatif dalam mengurangi ekosistem hutan mangrove. Studi empiris pada level desa di Indonesia masih belum ada karena keterbatasan data. Penulis mencoba menganalisis data panel unbalanced dengan kombinasi data geospasial dan PODES. Menggunakan Fixed Effects Model (FEM) untuk menganalisis dampak dari lokasi wilayah desa di dalam kawasan hutan terhadap luasan hutan mangrove, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa desa yang wilayahnya berada di sekitar/dalam kawasan hutan memiliki ketergantungan tinggi terhadap sumber daya alam dan korelasi negatif terhadap luasan hutan mangrove di wilayah desa tersebut. Ketergantungan tersebut baik bagi perekonomian masyarakat desa, namun akan berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan,sehingga diperlukan alternatif mata pencaharian di desa untuk mengurangi ketergantungan penduduk desa terhadap hutan mangrove. Pemerintah Indonesia perlu mendorong rehabilitasi mangrove untuk dikembalikan menjadi pusat ekowisata agar dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat di sekitar kawasan hutan mangrove.
Kata kunci: ketergantungan, sosial-ekonomi, mangrove, data panel
Keywords
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