Pengaruh Makroekonomi Terhadap Non Performing Loan (NPL) Perbankan
Ari Mulianta Ginting
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Abstract
Salah satu industri yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan makroekonomi adalah industri perbankan, hal ini dikarenakan industri perbankan sangat peka dengan kondisi perekonomian suatu negara. Jika suatu perekonomian suatu negara sedang berkembang, maka industri perbankan juga dapat berkembang. Namun kondisi sebaliknya ketika perekonomian sedang mengalami krisis, maka hal ini dapat mengakibatkan dampak terhadap industri perbankan. Oleh karena itu kondisi makroekonomi Indonesia menjadi suatu hal yang harus diperhatikan bagi penyaluran kredit perbankan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kredit dan kredit macet (NPL) perbankan di Indonesia dan mengetahui pengaruh variabel makroekonomi terhadap NPL perbankan di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan metode dynamic panel data yang menggunakan data dari tahun 2006-2014. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kredit dalam periode tersebut mengalami tren meningkat, peningkatan kredit yang disalurkan oleh perbankan diikuti oleh peningkatan NPL perbankan. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa ternyata kondisi makroekonomi, terutama GDP, memiliki pengaruh yang negatif terhadap NPL. Artinya jika semakin membaiknya perekonomian yang ditandai dengan semakin meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi akan semakin mengurangi NPL dan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dengan variabel tingkat suku bunga pinjaman serta inflasi. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut maka diperlukan sinergitas antara pemerintah sebagai otoritas fiskal dengan Bank Indonesia untuk menciptakan kondisi makroekonomi yang baik yang dapat mengurangi kredit macet perbankan di Indonesia.
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