Meta-Theory: Kebijakan Barang Publik untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat
Abstract
Barang publik tidak lagi didefinisikan secara teoritis, barang publik seharusnya bisa dinikmati oleh masyarakat secara gratis yang disediakan oleh negara. Namun, secara praktis makna barang publik tersebut bergeser dari makna sesungguhnya, terutama terlihat pada negara-negara berkembang yang mengandalkan sumber anggaran negara dari pajak. Pajak dipungut bukan saja dari sektor-sektor strategis, namun negara juga sudah memungut pajak dari penyediaan barang publik dengan alasan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan menjamin ketersediaan barang publik secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini ingin memberikan gambaran pengelolaan barang publik bukan hanya disediakan oleh pemerintah tapi swasta juga bisa melakukan fungsinya untuk memproduksi barang publik. Fenomena yang terjadi, barang publik telah diprivatisasi, permainan monopoli dan kartel bisa meningkatkan angka kemiskinan. Sehingga untuk mendapatkan barang publik membutuhkan usaha agar dapat terpenuhinya kebutuhan dasar. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini berfokus pada pengelolaan barang publik ditinjau dari aspek kebijakan publik yang berasal dari berbagai literatur ilmiah. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan systematic reviews technique, dilakukan secara deduktif atau theoretical & analytical framework (meta-theory). Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pengelolaan barang publik tidak bisa sepenuhnya dinikmati oleh masyarakat secara gratis dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang memperhatikan pola penyediaan, moral dan lingkungan eksekusi kebijakan. Kebijakan menjadi jawaban riil atas permasalahan dengan dukungan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik.
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