REZIM ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING: PERKEMBANGAN KE ARAH INTERNASIONALISASI DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PRINSIP DASAR KEDAULATAN NEGARA (ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING REGIME: DEVELOPMENTS TO WARD INTERNATIONALIZATION AND IMPLICATIONS TO THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY)

Hanafi Amrani
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Abstract

The objective of this article is to analyze the development of anti-money laundering regime towards internationalization and its implication on the principles of sovereignty. The core problem that is presented in this article asks how these developments have originated and how it affects the existing rules of sovereignty. Regarding the challenge on sovereignty, this article examines the implementation of the anti-money laundering regime from the standpoint of national sovereignty. The basic concern that needs to be addressed is that the implementation of the FATF standards on the non-members, however, is regarded contrary to the right of a country’s own sovereignty. Even, this implementation is regarded as one of state intervention in the domestic affairs of another state. This condition is contrary to the principle of ‘sovereign equality’ where every sovereign state possesses the same legal right as any other state. At the same time, it is also contrary to the principle of ‘non-interference’ because no nation could apply its laws and regulations to conduct occurring within the physical territory of another nation.

ABSTRAK

Artikel ini menganalisis perkembangan rezim anti-money laundering ke arah internasionalisasi dan implikasinya terhadap prinsip dasar kedaulatan negara. Insternasionalisasi rezim anti-money laundering termanifestasikan ke dalam standard internasional berupa Empat Puluh Rekomendasi FATF yang diberlakukan terhadap Negara anggota maupun non-anggota FATF. Permasalahan utama yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah penerapan standard internasional tersebut terhadap negara non-anggota FATF yang diangap bertentangan dengan hak suatu negara untuk membuat dan menerapkan peraturan di wilayah territorialnya masing-masing dan menjalankan fungsinya tanpa campur tangan negara lain. Bahkan dikatakan bahwa implementasi standard internsional itu dianggap sebagai intervensi suatu negara terhadap urusan domestik negara lain. Kondisi seperti ini bertentangan dengan prinsip ‘persamaan kedaulatan’ di mana setiap negara berdaulat mempunyai kesamaan hukum. Pada saat bersamaan, kondisi seperti ini juga dianggap bertentangan dengan prinsip ‘non-interference’ karena tidak ada satu negarapun dapat menerapkan ketentuan undang-undangnya di dalam yurisdiksi negara lain.

Keywords

Rezim; Anti-Money laundering; Internasionalisasi; Kedaulatan

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