MERGER BANK SYARIAH BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA: QUO VADIS?

Abstract

As a country with the largest Muslim population globally, Sharia assets' penetration rate is still low, below 8 percent. Meanwhile, Malaysia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Brunei, and Saudi Arabia have an average of over 20 percent. The enormous market potential has not yet been able to make Indonesia the center of sharia economy and finance in the world. This potential market prompted the Government through the Ministry of BUMN to take the initiative to merge between Bank Mandiri Syariah, BRI Syariah, and BNI Syariah. The merger is expected that capital capacity, the scale of financing, and market share can increase. That way, Indonesia can enter the global market and become a catalyst for the Islamic economy's growth. However, several previous studies have shown that mergers do not always make banking performance efficient; some show failures and therefore needed to be liquidated. Then to what extent, the objectives of the merger can be achieved? This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach and SWOT analysis using primary data (interviews and focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders) and secondary data. This research finds that this merger step must complement other affirmative policy features to overgrow the Islamic banking industry. The example of affirmative policy are: encouraging the integration of the sharia business ecosystem in the halal economic area; easy access to capital for MSMEs; strengthening synergy with the Zakat Infaq Shadaqah Waqf sectors; encourage government financial transactions through Islamic banking; avoid reducing employees in the merger process; and compiling detailed operational stages of the merger. The Government intervention should not stop at the merger. More government efforts must expand Sharia banking's market share to increase Sharia banking's market share in the national and global banking markets.
AbstrakSebagai negara dengan populasi muslim terbesar di dunia, tingkat penetrasi aset syariah tergolong rendah yaitu dibawah 8 persen. Sementara Malaysia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Brunei, dan Saudi Arabia, rata-rata di atas 20 persen. Potensi pasar yang besar, belum dapat mengantar Indonesia menjadi pusat ekonomi dan keuangan syariah di dunia. Hal ini mendorong pemerintah melalui Kementerian Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) berinisiatif melakukan merger antara Bank Mandiri Syariah, Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, dan Bank Negara Indonesia Syariah. Melalui merger ini diharapkan kapasitas modal, skala pembiayaan dan market share dapat meningkat, sehingga Indonesia dapat masuk ke pasar global dan menjadi katalis pertumbuhan ekonomi syariah. Namun beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa merger tidak selalu menjadikan kinerja perbankan efisien bahkan menunjukkan kegagalan. Lalu sejauh mana, tujuan merger bank syariah BUMN ini dapat tercapai? Melalui pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis SWOT dengan menggunakan data primer (wawancara dan focus group discussion dengan stakeholder terkait) serta data sekunder, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa langkah merger tersebut harus dilengkapi dengan fitur kebijakan afirmatif lainnya sehingga industri perbankan syariah dapat tumbuh pesat. Diantaranya mendorong integrasi ekosistem bisnis syariah dalam kawasan ekonomi halal, kemudahan akses permodalan bagi Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah, penguatan sinergi dengan sektor Zakat Infaq Sadaqah Waqaf, mendorong transaksi keuangan pemerintah melalui perbankan syariah, menghindari pengurangan pegawai dalam proses merger, serta menyusun detail tahapan operasional merger. Intervensi pemerintah tidak boleh berhenti hanya pada merger, harus ada upaya lebih pemerintah dalam memperbesar pangsa pasar perbankan syariah sehingga dapat meningkatkan market share perbankan syariah di pasar industri perbankan nasional maupun global.