MANFAAT PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP KEGIATAN PERDAGANGAN DAN INVESTASI BAGI INDONESIA

Rasbin Rasbin
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Abstract

Trade activities, both Indonesia and the world, are currently experiencing obstacles, one of which is the implementation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) from various countries. To eliminate NTMs, Indonesia participated in several international trade agreements such as AFTA, ACFTA, AKFTA, AJFTA, AIFTA, AANZFTA, and IJEPA. In addition to increasing trade value, these international trade agreements are expected to increase foreign investment in Indonesia. This paper analyzes (1) the role of international trade agreements on trade and investment activities in Indonesia and (2) the constraints faced by Indonesia in implementing international trade agreements and their solutions. This paper uses descriptive analysis of data and information obtained from interviews with several informants, focus group discussions (FGD) with academics, and documentation studies such as reports from government agencies and various scientific writings. The analysis shows that Indonesia's trade value after international trade agreements has experienced an upward trend. However, the performance of Indonesia's trade balance has fluctuated. Most of Indonesia's trade balance is in deficit, except for the trade balance between Indonesia and India. In addition, these international trade agreements did not significantly affect the flow of FDI to Indonesia except for ASEAN countries and Japan. Indonesia's level of international trade agreements is still low because this country is still facing various problems with both partner countries and domestic aspects. To optimal use of international trade agreements by Indonesia, these problems must be resolved as soon as possible, such as solving non-tariff problems, deregulating overlapping regulations, and reducing raw material exports.

AbstrakKegiatan perdagangan baik Indonesia maupun dunia saat ini masih mengalami hambatan, salah satunya disebabkan oleh implementasi non-tariff measures (NTMs) dari berbagai negara. Untuk menghilangkan NTMs, Indonesia ikut serta dalam beberapa perjanjian perdagangan internasional seperti AFTA, ACFTA, AKFTA, AJFTA, AIFTA, AANZFTA, dan IJEPA. Selain meningkatkan nilai perdagangan, perjanjian-perjanjian perdagangan internasional tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan investasi asing ke Indonesia. Tulisan ini menganalisis (1) peran perjanjian perdagangan internasional terhadap kegiatan perdagangan dan investasi di Indonesia, dan (2) kendala-kendala yang dihadapi Indonesia dalam implementasi perjanjian perdagangan internasional serta solusinya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, tulisan ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif terhadap data dan informasi yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan beberapa informan, focus group discussion (FGD) dengan pihak akademisi, dan studi dokumentasi seperti laporan instansi pemerintah dan berbagai tulisan ilmiah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai perdagangan Indonesia setelah implementasi perjanjian perdagangan internasional mengalami tren peningkatan, namun, kinerja neraca perdagangan Indonesia berfluktuatif. Sebagian besar neraca perdagangan Indonesia mengalami defisit, kecuali neraca perdagangan antara Indonesia dan India. Selain itu, perjanjian-perjanjian perdagangan internasional tersebut tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap aliran FDI ke Indonesia kecuali negara-negara ASEAN dan Jepang. Tingkat utilisasi perjanjian perdagangan internasional oleh Indonesia juga masih rendah karena negara ini masih menghadapi berbagai masalah baik dengan negara mitra maupun aspek domestik. Agar pemanfaatan perjanjian perdagangan internasional oleh Indonesia dapat optimal maka permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut harus secepatnya diselesaikan seperti penyelesaian masalah non tarif, deregulasi aturan yang tumpang tindih, dan mengurangi ekspor raw material.

Keywords

utilization rate of international trade agreements; trade balance; FDI inflows; tingkat utilisasi perjanjian perdagangan internasional; neraca perdagangan; aliran FDI

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References

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