MODEL INSTITUSIONAL KEBIJAKAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DI MASA DARURAT COVID-19

Abstract

Policy institutional models are used to understand how policies are formulated. Through an executive perspective, policies are formulated and implemented exclusively as the dominant actor in policy making in the context of handling the Covid-19 pandemic. This study purposes to analyze institutional arrangements during the Covid-19 emergency in terms of legislation and institutional models. This study uses a descriptive method to systematically describe institutional arrangements during a disaster emergency. The data obtained secondary were analyzed by means of data condensation, data presentation and conclusion drawing.  The results showed in Presidential Decree 9/2020 the Covid-19 Task Force was formed, consisting of a Steering Committee and an Implementing Council. The Coordinating Minister for PMK is the leader, while the Ministry of Health is a Member of the Steering Committee. BNPB is placed as the Executive Board. After Presidential Decree 82/2020, institutional arrangements lead to economic recovery by forming a Covid-19 handling committee. The Coordinating Minister for the Economy becomes the policy committee while the executor is the Ministry of BUMN. These two regulations have not given authority to the Ministry of Health and BNPB as institutions that are compatible with health disaster emergencies. This has an impact on the pattern of handling the Covid-19 emergency period which tends to overlap with other sectors because disaster institutions do not function optimally during a disaster emergency period in terms of the disaster emergency response cycle. The institutional model was proposed with BNPB as the leader during the health emergency and in synergy with the Ministry of Health so that the pattern of handling Covid-19 becomes more focused.
AbstrakModel institusional kebijakan digunakan untuk memahami bagaimana kebijakan diformulasikan.  Melalui perspektif eksekutif, kebijakan diformulasikan dan diimplemetasikan secara eksklusif sebagai aktor dominan dalam pembuatan kebijakan dalam konteks penanganan pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisa pengaturan kelembagaan di masa darurat Covid-19 ditinjau dari perundang-undangan serta model institusional. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk menggambarkan secara sistematis pengaturan kelembagaan masa darurat bencana. Data diperoleh secara sekunder yang dianalisis dengan tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelembagaan pada Keppres 9/2020 dibentuk Gugus Tugas Covid-19 terdiri Dewan Pengarah dan Dewan Pelaksana. Menko Bidang PMK sebagai pimpinan, Sementara Kementerian Kesehatan merupakan Anggota dari Dewan Pengarah. BNPB ditempatkan sebagai Dewan Pelaksana. Pasca Perpres 82/2020, pengaturan kelembagaan mengarah pada pemulihan ekonomi dengan membentuk komite penangangan Covid-19. Menko Perekonomian menjadi komite kebijakan sedangkan pelaksananya adalah Kementerian BUMN. Dua peraturan tersebut belum memberikan wewenang pada Kementerian Kesehatan dan BNPB sebagai lembaga yang kompatibel dengan masa darurat bencana kesehatan. Hal ini berdampak pada pola penanganan masa darurat Covid-19 yang cenderung tumpang tindih dengan sektor lainnya dikarenakan institusi kebencanaan tidak berfungsi optimal dalam masa darurat bencana ditinjau dari siklus tanggap darurat bencana. Model kelembagaan diajukan dengan BNPB sebagai pemimpin masa darurat kesehatan dan bersinergi dengan Kementerian Kesehatan agar pola penanganan Covid-19 menjadi lebih terarah.