Articulation of Indonesia's Bebas-Aktif Foreign Policy in Responding Russia-Ukraine Conflict [Artikulasi Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Bebas-Aktif dalam Merespon Konflik Rusia-Ukraina]
Isep P Yahya
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Abstract
This study is about Indonesia's foreign policy in responding to the Russian and Ukrainian conflict. The war in Ukraine has attracted wide attention and influenced many country's foreign policy, including Indonesia as one of the middle powers in Asia. The conflict has sharpened the bipolarization between Ukraine supported by Western countries and Russia itself. It presents serious challenges for Indonesia, which has long been known as a neutral and non-aligned country. Under the free-active foreign policy doctrine, Indonesia is facing serious challenges to take a firm stance on the Russian-Ukrainian war and continuing its leadership in the G20 and ASEAN. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze Indonesia's foreign policy behavior and its country's role it has built in dealing with the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. By using role theory of foreign policy analysis and qualitative research methods especially textual analysis, this study finds that Indonesia displays three faces of foreign policy toward Russia-Ukraine war. First, steadfast commitment and respect to international law and the UN Charter, especially sovereignty and territorial integrity; Second, articulate free-active foreign policy attitude that integrates two opposing blocks; Third, pursue foreign policy that is advantageous for domestic interests and economic gains.
Abstrak
Studi ini merupakan penelitian mengenai kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam menyikapi konflik Rusia dan Ukraina. Perang di Ukraina telah menarik perhatian luas dan mempengaruhi kebijakan luar negeri banyak negara termasuk Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara-negara kekuatan menengah di Asia. Konflik ini telah mempertajam bipolarisasi antara Ukraina yang didukung oleh negara-negara Barat dan Rusia sendiri. Situasi politik ini memberikan tantangan serius bagi Indonesia yang telah lama dikenal sebagai negara netral dan non-aliansi. Dengan mengusung politik luar negeri bebas-aktif, Indonesia dihadapkan pada tantangan untuk mengambil sikap tegas terhadap perang Rusia-Ukraina serta melanjutkan kepemimpinan di G20 dan ASEAN. Karena itu, studi ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis perilaku politik luar negeri Ri dan peran yang dibangun dalam menghadapi konflik Rusia-Ukraina. Dengan menggunakan teori peran dalam analisa kebijakan luar negeri dan metode riset kualitatif analisis teks, studi ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia menampilkan tiga wajah politik luar negeri terhadap perang Rusia-Ukraina. Pertama, teguh pada penghormatan terhadap hukum internasional dan Piagam PBB terutama prinsip kedaulatan dan integritas teritorial; kedua, menjalankan politik luar negeri bebas-aktif mengintegrasi dua blok yang berseberangan; ketiga, menjalankan kebijakan luar negeri yang menguntungkan bagi kepentingan domestik dan keuntungan ekonomi.
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