Desain Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa Bidang Mitigasi Bencana di Kabupaten Pacitan [Decision-Making Design in Village Development Planning Deliberations in The Field of Disaster Mitigation in Pacitan Regency]

Abstract

Disaster events have impacts that can harm various aspects of community life, thus requiring efforts for disaster risk reduction. Pacitan Regency has a high level of threat from landslides, floods, and tsunamis, but disaster issues have not yet become a development priority. According to policy design theory, the village development planning forum (musrenbangdes) serves as a platform for participatory decision-making discourse on various issues arising within the community, including disaster mitigation. Therefore, it is important to understand how the disaster mitigation decision-making process takes place in the musrenbangdes in Pacitan Regency. The objective of the research is to identify and analyze the disaster mitigation decision-making process in the musrenbangdes in Pacitan Regency. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study type, and includes observations of village and urban neighborhood musrenbang forums at 12 locations, where the outcomes are compared with the Indonesia Disaster Resilience Initiatives Project (IDRIP) forum. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that based on disaster events in 2017, disaster mitigation issues were not fully addressed in the musrenbangdes forums. The locations that addressed disaster mitigation issues were Klesem Village, Karanganyar, Sidomulyo, Sidoharjo Urban Village, and Ploso Urban Village. On the other hand, authorities need to raise disaster mitigation issues as formal decisions, as seen in Klesem and Sidomulyo Villages. From the discussion process, only Karanganyar Village and Ploso Urban Village raised disaster mitigation as a forum decision in a deliberative manner. Meanwhile, the IDRIP discussion format is conducted in a deliberative way, where the authorities only ratify the decision outcomes. The musrenbangdes forum needs to adopt the IDRIP format in which decisions purely originate from the community, so that ideas and concepts related to disaster mitigation can be adopted as formal decisions in the forum.

Abstrak

Kejadian bencana memiliki dampak yang dapat merugikan berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat sehingga diperlukan upaya pengurangan risiko bencana. Kabupaten Pacitan memiliki tingkat ancaman tanah longsor, banjir dan tsunami tinggi namun isu kebencanaan belum menjadi prioritas pembangunan. Melalui teori desain kebijakan, terdapat forum musrenbangdes sebagai arena wacana pengambilan keputusan secara partisipatif dari berbagai isu yang berkembang di masyarakat termasuk mitigasi bencana, oleh karena itu penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pengambilan keputusan mitigasi bencana dalam musrenbangdes di Kabupaen Pacitan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui dan menganalisa proses pengambilan keputusan mitigasi bencana dalam musrenbangdes di Kabupaen Pacitan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus serta melakukan observasi pada forum musrenbang kelurahan dan desa di 12 lokasi dimana hasil keputusan akan dibandingkan dengan forum Indonesia Disaster Resilience Initiatives Project (IDRIP). Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil menunjukkan berdasarkan kejadian bencana tahun 2017, isu mitigasi bencana belum sepenuhnya ditangkap dalam forum musrenbangdes. Lokasi yang menangkap isu mitigasi bencana yaitu Desa Klesem, Karanganyar, Sidomulyo, Kelurahan Sidoharjo dan Kelurahan Ploso. Di sisi lain, pemegang otoritas perlu memunculkan isu mitigasi bencana sebagai keputusan terdapat di Desa Klesem dan Sidomulyo. Dari proses diskusi, hanya Desa Karanganyar dan Kelurahan Ploso yang mengusung isu mitigasi bencana sebagai keputusan forum secara deliberatif. Sementara itu format diskusi IDRIP dilakukan secara deliberatif dimana pemegang otoritas hanya mengesahkan hasil keputusan. Forum musrenbangdes perlu mengadopsi format IDRIP dimana keputusan murni berasal dari masyarakat agar ide dan gagasan terkait mitigasi bencana dapat menjadi keputusan dalam forum.