Permintaan Pangan Rumah Tangga Penerima Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai  di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Piping Setyo Handayani; Endan Suwandana

doi:10.22212/jekp.v15i2.3337

Permintaan Pangan Rumah Tangga Penerima Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Piping Setyo Handayani, Endan Suwandana

10.22212/jekp.v15i2.3337

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Abstract

Since being hit by the Covid-19 Pandemic, various policies have been formulated by the Indonesian government to reduce the adverse effects of the Covid-19, such as Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). However, the PSBB has impact of a slowdown in the rate of economic growth, which in turn could pose a threat to household food security. One of the government policies to improve food security of low-income group is through the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) program. However, not much is known whether the program has an effect on household consumption patterns. Empirically, this study aims to examine the food demand of the BPNT recipients, as well as to understand the factual data on the implementation of the BPNT program. Food consumption patterns were analyzed using the Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS) model using March 2021 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) data. Interesting findings from this study are, firstly, the pattern of household food demand is relatively the same, both in BPNT recipients and non BPNT recipients; and secondly, the food assistance policy during the Covid-19 pandemic in the form of non-cash was deemed appropriate, because food assistance in the form of cash, although it can increase the income of BPNT household recipients, it turns out that spending is more used to buy prepared food and drinks and cigarettes, than raw/processed foods. The results of this research can be used by the government and the House of Representatives (DPR) in formulating policies to optimize various the government assistance programs, especially for the vulnerable, and ensuring that these programs are utilized for the right purposes.

Abstrak

Sejak diterpa pandemi Covid-19, berbagai kebijakan telah dirumuskan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengurangi dampak buruk Covid-19, seperti Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Namun PSBB menimbulkan dampak terjadinya perlambatan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi, yang selanjutnya menyebabkan ancaman terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Salah satu kebijakan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan kelompok masyarakat berpendapatan rendah adalah melalui program Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT). Namun belum banyak diketahui apakah program itu berpengaruh terhadap pola konsumsi rumah tangga masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti secara empiris permintaan pangan rumah tangga penerima BPNT, serta memahami kondisi faktual dari pelaksanaan program BPNT. Pola konsumsi pangan dianalisis menggunakan model Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS) dengan menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) Maret 2021. Temuan menarik dari penelitian ini adalah: pertama, pola permintaan pangan rumah tangga relatif sama, baik pada penerima BPNT dan bukan penerima BPNT; dan kedua, kebijakan bantuan pangan di masa pandemi Covid-19 dalam bentuk non-tunai dianggap sudah tepat, karena bantuan pangan yang berupa uang tunai walaupun dapat meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga penerima BPNT, ternyata pembelanjaannya lebih banyak digunakan untuk membeli makanan dan minuman jadi serta rokok. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh pemerintah dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dalam merumuskan kebijakan untuk mengoptimalkan berbagai program bantuan pemerintah, terutama bagi kalangan rentan rawan pangan, dan memastikan bahwa program tersebut digunakan untuk kepentingan yang tepat.

Keywords

social assistance; demand elasticity; share of food expenditure; Susenas 2021; bantuan sosial; elastisitas permintaan; pangsa pengeluaran makanan; pandemi Covid-19

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Sumber Digital

Sumber Lain

Moeis, J. P. (2003). Indonesian Food Demand System: An Analysis of the Impacts of the Economic Crisis On Household Consumption and Nutritional Intake. In Dissertation (Vol. 130, Issue 2). Columbia College Of Arts And SciencesThe George Washington University.

Unicef, UNDP, Prospera, & SMERU. (2021). Analisis Dampak Sosial dan Ekonomi COVID-19 pada Rumah Tangga dan Rekomendasi Kebijakan Strategis untuk Indonesia. SMERU Research Institute, 1–7.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v15i2.3337