Strategi Efektif untuk Memulai Penyidikan Perkara Pencucian Uang: Perspektif Hukum dan Praktik
Felix Aglen Ndaru
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Abstract
The Constitutional Court’s 2021 marks a new chapter in the prevention and eradication of money laundering in Indonesia. As a result, all predicate crime investigators, including civil servant investigators, are now authorized to conduct money laundering investigations. However, money laundering investigations remain minimal and lack a comprehensive procedural law. Therefore, a study on the procedures for initiating money laundering investigations is necessary. Since money laundering is a follow-up crime to the predicate crime, questions arise regarding the format of the Money Laundering Incident Report. This research examines the ideal form of an Incident Report in money laundering cases, as the report plays a key role in ensuring the legality and effectiveness of criminal proceedings. The study utilizes normative legal research methods, employing a statutory, conceptual, and empirical approach. The findings reveal that a money laundering Incident Report can be filed by the public, research officials/inspector/special police, and predicate crime investigators. The study also recommends that the ideal format for an Incident Report includes allegations of both the predicate crime and money laundering. This form ensures legal certainty by using a single Incident Report for both types of cases, encourages the adoption of parallel and independent investigations, and maintains the continuity of evidence between the two crimes.
Abstrak
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi pada 2021 menandai babak baru dalam upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan pencucian uang di Indonesia. Implikasinya, seluruh penyidik pidana asal, termasuk penyidik pegawai negeri sipil, berwenang melakukan penyidikan pencucian uang. Namun, penyidikan pencucian masih sangat minim dan belum memiliki hukum acara khusus yang komprehensif, sehingga diperlukan suatu studi mengenai tata cara memulai penyidikan pencucian uang. Karena pencucian uang merupakan pidana lanjutan dari pidana asal, terdapat pertanyaan terkait bentuk Laporan Kejadian perkara pencucian uang. Penelitian ini membedah bentuk Laporan Kejadian yang ideal dalam perkara pencucian uang karena Laporan Kejadian menentukan legalitas dan efektivitas proses pemidanaan. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan pendekatan empiris. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Laporan Kejadian perkara pencucian uang dapat dibuat oleh masyarakat, pejabat penyelidik/pengawas/polisi khusus, dan penyidik pidana asal. Kajian juga merekomendasikan bentuk Laporan Kejadian yang ideal, yaitu Laporan Kejadian yang mencakup dugaan pidana asal dan pencucian uang sekaligus. Bentuk ini berguna untuk memastikan kepastian hukum penggunaan satu Laporan Kejadian untuk kedua jenis perkara tersebut, mendorong penyidik untuk menerapkan parallel investigation dan independent investigation, serta menjaga kesinambungan pembuktian antara kedua perkara tersebut.
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