How Adolescents Perceive Stunting And Anemia: A Qualitative Study In Stunting Locus Area In Yogyakarta Indonesia

Tri Siswati, Heru Subaris Kasdjono, Yustiana Olfah, Bunga Astria Paramashanti

Abstract

Persepsi merupakan interpretasi unik dari suatu situasi sebagai proses kognitif kompleks yang memengaruhi perilaku seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas persepsi remaja tentang stunting dan anemia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah lokus stunting yang mencakup Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode rapid assessment procedures (RAP) dengan wawancara mendalam. Sebanyak 33 orang terdiri dari 25 siswa SMP baik laki-laki maupun perempuan serta 8 guru, orang tua, dan tokoh masyarakat berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan berdasarkan tema definisi, penyebab, dampak, pencegahan, dan hambatan dalam penanggulangan stunting dan anemia. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam, beberapa remaja menyatakan bahwa anemia sama dengan tekanan darah rendah. Di antara hambatan untuk mengatasi anemia adalah remaja sering memiliki citra tubuh ingin menjadi lebih ramping, lebih kurus, membatasi makanan bergizi, kurang tidur, dan khawatir berlebihan terhadap tubuhnya. Ada beberapa kendala dalam mencegah dan mengendalikan stunting, antara lain tabu tentang makanan tertentu, persepsi stunting yang keliru, genetik sebagai penyebab utama, dan stigma. Namun, untuk mendorong persepsi ini, diperlukan dukungan serta strategi komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi sehingga target penurunan stunting dapat tercapai. Tenaga kesehatan perlu merancang strategi komunikasi perubahan perilaku yang tepat untuk menanggulangi anemia dan stunting pada remaja.

 

Abstract

Perception is an individual’s unique interpretation of a situation as a result of a complex cognitive process that influences behavior. This study aims to explore adolescents’ perceptions of stunting and anemia. This qualitative study was conducted in Kulon Progo and Gunung Kidul Districts, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2020. The study was carried out by rapid assessment procedures (RAP) using in-depth interviews. A total of 33 informants consists of 25 male and female of junior high school students, and 8 persons, including teachers, parents, and the community involved in this research. We thematically coded the data by definitions, causes, impacts, prevention, and obstacles in tackling stunting and anemia. This finding is that some adolescents state that anemia equals to low blood pressure. The barriers to prevent anemia are body image, lack of nutritious food intake, less sleep, and excessive upset. Meanwhile, stunting is a genetic problem, so if the parents are short, their children must be short too. To achieve the goal of reducing stunting, however, it is required to implement methods for communication, education, and information dissemination. So health professionals must develop suitable behavior change communication strategies.

Keywords

adolescent; anemia; perception; qualitative; stunting

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v13i2.3097

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