Mapping Survey of Public Acceptance on Development Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in Bangka Belitung Province

Drajat Tri Kartono, Sri Hastjarjo, Sajidan Sajidan, Bob Soelaiman Effendi, Dhita Karunia Ashari, Purbayakti Kusuma Wijayanto, Zahra Nadhila Saraswati, Herwanto Gede Sulistyawan, Lutfi Andriani

Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara yang belum memiliki Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) masih perlu melakukan riset untuk mengkaji penerimaan masyarakat. Bangka Belitung merupakan kandidat lokasi pembangunan PLTN oleh BATAN dan kepulauannya diprediksi akan menjadi pionir energi baru dan terbarukan dari mineral ringan yaitu torium. Oleh karena itu, penelitian di Bangka Belitung bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerimaan masyarakat terhadap pembangunan PLTN. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode gabungan (mixed-method), dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei pada 1.500 responden yang terdiri dari penduduk Bangka Belitung. Analisis kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji Chi-Square, sedangkan analisis kualitatif dengan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat Bangka Belitung menyambut baik rencana pembangunan PLTN tersebut. Total penerimaan masyarakat di Provinsi Bangka Belitung sebesar 73,73 persen, yang didukung oleh persepsi masyarakat yang setuju dengan manfaat PLTN sebesar 94,27 persen, risiko PLTN sebesar 70,93 persen, itikad baik pengembang PLTN sebesar 92,53 persen, dan kompetensi operator PLTN sebesar 93,53 persen. Terkait jarak, masyarakat yang setuju pada pembangunan pembangkit listrik ini menginginkan jarak sejauh 30 km dari pemukiman penduduk. Belum ada indikasi fenomena not in my backyard di Bangka Belitung, tetapi masih ada kesalahan persepsi di masyarakat mengenai risiko PLTN. Dikarenakan peran pemerintah yang terbatas, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) perlu memfasilitasi pendampingan masyarakat dan mendorong pemerintah untuk mengimplementasikan strategi sosialisasi untuk mengedukasi manfaat dan risiko pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir.


Abstract

Indonesia, as a country that does not have nuclear power plant (NPP), still requires research to examine public acceptance. Bangka Belitung is a candidate for NPP locations by BATAN, and the islands are predicted to become pioneers of new and renewable energy from a light mineral, thorium. Thus, research in Bangka Belitung aims to determine the public acceptance of an NPP development. This study used a mixed method, and the data were collected by survey with 1,500 respondents consisting of residents in Bangka Belitung. The quantitative analysis in this study was descriptive statistics and Chi-square test, while the qualitative analysis was with descriptive qualitative. The result showed that most Bangka Belitung people welcomed the NPP’s development plan. Total public acceptance in Bangka Belitung Province is 73.73 percent. Public perceptions agree with the benefits of NPP at 94.27 percent, the risks of NPP at 70.93 percent, the goodwill of NPP developers at 92.53 percent, and the competence of NPP operators at 93.53 percent. Regarding the distance, the neighbourhood wanted for this electric power plant to be 30 km away from the residential areas. There was no indication of the NIMBY phenomenon in Bangka Belitung, but there were still misperceptions in the community caused by perceptions of the risk of NPP. Due to the limited government role, the DPR RI must step in and facilitate community assistance while encouraging the government to devise effective strategies to develop a dissemination strategy to educate the benefits and risks of nuclear power plants.

Keywords

public acceptance; nuclear power plant; not in my backyard (NIMBY); thorium

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v14i1.3143

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