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Towards Advanced Tourism Development in Indonesia: A Critical Review of Free-Visa Policy
Abstract
Pada 2016, Pemerintah Indonesia menginisiasi kebijakan bebas visa bagi 169 negara untuk meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan asing secara signifikan. Namun, pada 2018, parlemen merekomendasikan peninjauan kembali kebijakan tersebut. Hal ini mengingat potensi tindak pidana, baik kejahatan maupun pelanggaran, yang dilakukan oleh penerima bebas visa serta dampak signifikan terhadap penurunan pendapatan negara. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, yang mencakup studi literatur dan analisis dokumen hukum, studi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi alternatif terhadap kebijakan bebas visa di Indonesia. Studi ini menemukan bahwa (1) prinsip-prinsip utama dari kebijakan bebas visa di Indonesia adalah resiprokalitas dan prinsip manfaat; (2) kebijakan ini juga kurang didukung oleh justifikasi yang memadai dari negara-negara penerima, dan belum ada bukti empiris yang konklusif tentang dampak positif kebijakan tersebut terhadap peningkatan jumlah wisatawan asing ke Indonesia; (3) oleh karena itu, perlu penyempurnaan norma hukum terutama dalam peraturan keimigrasian untuk memastikan tujuan pemerintah selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip keamanan dan proteksi teritorial. Pembuat kebijakan perlu untuk mempertimbangkan penyesuaian Undang-Undang Keimigrasian agar harmonis dengan kebijakan bebas visa, demi mencapai tujuan strategis nasional tanpa mengesampingkan aspek keamanan dan kedaulatan negara.
Abstract:
In 2016, the Indonesian Government initiated a visa-free policy for 169 countries to significantly increase the number of foreign tourists visiting. However, in 2018, parliament recommended a review of the policy. This is considering the potential of criminal acts, both crimes and violations, by visa-free recipients and a significant impact on the decline in state revenue. Through a qualitative approach, which includes a literature review and legal document analysis, this study aims to provide alternative solutions to the visa-free policy in Indonesia. The study found that (1) the main principles of Indonesia's visa-free policy are reciprocity and the benefit principle; (2) this policy is also not supported by adequate justification from the recipient countries, and there is no conclusive empirical evidence of the positive impact of the policy on the number of foreign tourist to Indonesia; (3) therefore, need for refinement legal norm, especially immigration regulations, to ensure that government objectives are aligned with the principles of territorial security and national protection principles. Policymakers must consider adjusting the Immigration Law to be in harmony with the visa-free policy to achieve national strategic goals without overriding the security and sovereignty aspect of the country.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v15i1.3822
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